Indians were not generally realized by white society as fully human at that time [of Lewis and Clark’s expedition]; rather, they were considered to be part of the wilderness.”

”Descriptions of daily life and cross-cultural challenges focus on the experiences of Euro-Americans. Indians’ life-ways are described insofar as they clarify how they fit into or complicate the daily lives of whites.
— Kim Tallbear, “Stephen Ambrose’s ‘Undaunted Courage’: A White Nationalist Account of the Lewis and Clark Expedition,” in This Stretch of the River, ed. Kim Tallbear and Craig Howe (South Dakota: Oak Lake Writers Society, 2006), 45-57.

Chief Timothy Park was completed in 2015 and is the easternmost Confluence site, located on an island with a spectacular view of the Snake River near Clarkston, Washington and Lewiston, Idaho. Here, Nez Perce people lived and fished long before Lewis and Clark arrived in 1805. Maya Lin oversaw the construction of a “Listening Circle,” a large outdoor amphitheater with curved basalt benches etched with quotes from Clark’s description of the nearby locations, taxonomies of plants and animals, topographical information, and a record of encounters between the Corps of Discovery and the local Native tribes. The Park is named after Chief Timothy Tamootsin, a leader of the Alpowai (or Alpowa) band of the Nez Perce and one of Presbyterian missionary Henry Spalding’s first Christian converts. Chief Timothy’s connection to Spalding makes him a controversial figure. 

Lin was guided to this site by Nez Perce leader Horace Axtell, who also led a blessing ceremony at the location. Both Lin and Axtell expressed hope that the Listening Circle will inspire dialogue and reflection about the region’s Indigenous cultures. “Maybe we’ll be able to tell the story of our people,” Axtell has said. “And people will understand that we were the ones who were here before—when our language was the only one heard in the canyons.”

 

Greenworks, P.C. Landscape Architecture and Environmental Design. Stone pattern proposals for amphitheater at Chief Timothy Park. August, 2007. Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Confluence Project Records, Box 7, Folder 15, Item 10.

Greenworks, P.C. Landscape Architecture and Environmental Design. Stone pattern proposals for amphitheater at Chief Timothy Park. August, 2007. Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Confluence Project Records, Box 7, Folder 15, Item 10.


Chief Timothy concept drawing. Date unknown. Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Confluence Project Records, Box 7, Folder 15, Item 12.

Chief Timothy concept drawing. Date unknown. Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Confluence Project Records, Box 7, Folder 15, Item 12.


Greenworks, P.C. Landscape Architecture and Environmental Design, and Maya Lin Studios. Topographic and geological survey for location of amphitheater at Chief Timothy Park. March 29, 2007. Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Confluence Project Records, Box 7, Folder 15, Item 9.

Greenworks, P.C. Landscape Architecture and Environmental Design, and Maya Lin Studios. Topographic and geological survey for location of amphitheater at Chief Timothy Park. March 29, 2007. Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Confluence Project Records, Box 7, Folder 15, Item 9.


Spreadsheet listing total budget and itemized costs for construction at Chief Timothy Park. April 13, 2008. Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Confluence Project Records, Box 7, Folder 10, Item 14.

Spreadsheet listing total budget and itemized costs for construction at Chief Timothy Park. April 13, 2008. Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Confluence Project Records, Box 7, Folder 10, Item 14.